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Using a VPN is a terrific way to shield your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or comparable hack is different, it becomes a target, a decoration for the poor guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the bad guys can't get in either. .

Each of the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no back door, and that's as it should be. It will mean that in the event you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, you've lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to keep a document secret you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One type of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disc that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the virtual drive, each of the files that you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, a few products store your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of the 30-day free trial offered by each one of those products to get a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a document into protected storage, or visite site create an encrypted version of it, then you definitely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disk, and data recovery utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products prevent this issue by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disk with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to provide safe More about the author deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this attribute, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery functions since the magnetic recording of data on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what's left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and every one the products accumulated here support AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, enroll it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. Another is private, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make an electronic signature that proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact your public key decrypts it's all of the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a document with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products enable creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.